秸稈發(fā)電的工藝流程

The process flow of straw power generation

　　蒸汽循環(huán)

Steam cycle

　　20世紀90年代后，以煤為代表的化石燃料發(fā)電技術的飛速發(fā)展，使整個發(fā)電廠的發(fā)電效率，蒸汽的溫度和壓力得到了大幅提高。對于秸桿燃燒發(fā)電設備，也同樣取得了很大發(fā)展。但是，相對與燃煤設備，秸稈燃燒發(fā)電設備的設計建設經(jīng)驗相對較少。而且秸桿還具有獨特的特性，使其很難達到較高的蒸汽參數(shù)。尤其是秸桿中氯化物含量較高，增加了鍋爐在高蒸汽壓力下腐蝕的可能性。多數(shù)秸桿燃燒發(fā)電廠的發(fā)電效率只能達到30%左右。一般而言，秸稈發(fā)電廠在發(fā)電的同時都供熱，以提高整個電廠的效率。

After the 1990s, the rapid development of fossil fuel power generation technology represented by coal significantly improved the power generation efficiency, steam temperature, and pressure of the entire power plant. For straw burning power generation equipment, significant progress has also been made. However, compared to coal-fired equipment, there is relatively less experience in the design and construction of straw burning power generation equipment. Moreover, straw also has unique characteristics, making it difficult to achieve high steam parameters. Especially the high chloride content in straw increases the possibility of boiler corrosion under high steam pressure. The power generation efficiency of most straw burning power plants can only reach about 30%. Generally speaking, straw power plants provide heating while generating electricity to improve the efficiency of the entire power plant.

　　燃燒發(fā)電

Combustion power generation

　　發(fā)電廠內(nèi)建設兩個獨立的秸桿倉庫。每個倉庫都有大門，運輸貨車可從大門駛入，然后停在地磅上稱重，秸桿同時要測試含水量。任何一包秸桿的含水量超過25%，則為不合格。

Build two independent straw warehouses within the power plant. Each warehouse has a gate, and transport trucks can enter through the gate and stop on the weighing scale to weigh the straw. At the same time, the moisture content of the straw needs to be tested. If the moisture content of any bag of straw exceeds 25%, it is considered unqualified.

　　在歐洲的發(fā)電廠中，這項測試由安裝在自動起重機上的紅外傳感器來實現(xiàn)。在中國，可以手動將探測器插入每一個秸桿捆中測試水分，該探測器能存儲99組測量值，測量完所有秸桿捆之后，測量結果可以存入連接至地磅的計算機。然后使用叉車卸貨，并將運輸貨車的空車重量輸入計算機。計算機可根據(jù)前后的重量以及含水量計算出秸桿的凈重。

In power plants in Europe, this test is carried out by infrared sensors installed on automatic cranes. In China, a detector can be manually inserted into each straw bundle to test for moisture. The detector can store 99 sets of measurement values. After measuring all straw bundles, the measurement results can be stored in a computer connected to the scale. Then use a forklift to unload the goods and input the empty weight of the transport truck into the computer. The computer can calculate the net weight of the straw based on the weight and moisture content before and after.

　　貨車卸貨時，叉車將秸桿包放入預先確定的位置；在倉庫的另一端，叉車將秸桿包放在進料輸送機上；進料輸送機有一個緩沖臺，可保留秸桿5分鐘；秸桿從進料臺通過帶密封閘門（防火）的進料輸送機傳送至進料系統(tǒng)；秸桿包被推壓到兩個立式螺桿上，通過螺桿的旋轉扯碎秸桿，然后將秸桿傳送給螺旋自動給料機，通過給料機將秸桿壓入密封的進料通道，然后達到爐床。爐床為水冷式振動爐床，是專門為秸桿燃燒發(fā)電廠而開發(fā)的設備。

When unloading the truck, the forklift places the straw bales in a predetermined position; At the other end of the warehouse, a forklift places the straw bales on the feed conveyor; The feed conveyor has a buffer table that can retain the straw for 5 minutes; The straw is transported from the feeding platform to the feeding system through a feeding conveyor with a sealed gate (fireproof); The straw package is pushed onto two vertical screws, which rotate and tear the straw into pieces. Then, the straw is conveyed to a spiral automatic feeder, which presses the straw into a sealed feeding channel and reaches the furnace bed. The furnace bed is a water-cooled vibrating furnace bed, specifically developed for straw burning power plants.

　　鍋爐系統(tǒng)

Boiler system

　　鍋爐采用自然循環(huán)的汽包鍋爐，過熱器分兩級布置在煙道中，煙道尾部布置省煤器和空氣預熱器。由于秸桿灰中堿金屬的含量相對較高，因此，煙氣在高溫時（450℃以上）具有較高的腐蝕性。此外，飛灰的熔點較低，易產(chǎn)生結渣的問題。如果灰分變成固體和半流體，運行中就很難清除，就會阻礙管道中從煙氣至蒸汽的熱量傳輸。嚴重時甚至會完全堵塞煙氣通道，將煙氣堵在鍋爐中。由于存在這些問題，因此，專門設計了過熱器系統(tǒng)，并在國際上的大多數(shù)秸桿發(fā)電廠中得到運用。 

The boiler adopts a natural circulation drum boiler, and the superheater is arranged in two stages in the flue. The tail of the flue is equipped with an economizer and an air preheater. Due to the relatively high content of alkali metals in straw ash, smoke has high corrosiveness at high temperatures (above 450 ℃). In addition, fly ash has a lower melting point and is prone to slagging. If ash becomes solid and semi fluid, it will be difficult to remove during operation, which will hinder the heat transfer from flue gas to steam in the pipeline. In severe cases, it may even completely block the flue gas channel, trapping the flue gas in the boiler. Due to these issues, a dedicated superheater system has been designed and applied in most straw power plants internationally.

　　運作系統(tǒng)

Operational system

　　渦輪機和鍋爐必須在啟動、部分負荷和停止操作等方面保持一致，協(xié)調(diào)鍋爐、汽輪機和空冷凝汽器的工作非常重要。

The turbine and boiler must maintain consistency in starting, partial load, and stopping operations, and coordinating the work of the boiler, turbine, and air condenser is very important.

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