沼氣發(fā)電的工藝流程

　　Process flow of biogas power generation

　　一個完整的大中型沼氣發(fā)電工程，一般來說，包括了原料的收集、預(yù)處理、厭氧消化系統(tǒng)、出料的后處理系統(tǒng)、沼氣發(fā)電系統(tǒng)等。

　　A complete large and medium-sized biogas power generation project generally includes the collection and pretreatment of raw materials, anaerobic digestion system, post-treatment system for discharge, biogas power generation system, etc.

　　(1)原料收集

　　(1) Raw material collection

　　沼氣發(fā)電需要有充足穩(wěn)定的原料供應(yīng)，這也是厭氧消化工藝的基礎(chǔ)。用不同的方式收集原料，原料的質(zhì)量也會存在差異。為了方便就近進行沼氣發(fā)酵處理，在養(yǎng)殖場或工廠設(shè)計時應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貤l件合理安排畜禽糞污的收集方式和集中地點。

　　Biogas power generation requires sufficient and stable supply of raw materials, which is also the foundation of anaerobic digestion technology. Collecting raw materials in different ways can result in differences in their quality. In order to facilitate nearby biogas fermentation treatment, the collection methods and centralized locations of livestock and poultry manure should be reasonably arranged according to local conditions when designing farms or factories.

　　(2)原料預(yù)處理

　　(2) Raw material pretreatment

　　要對原料進行預(yù)處理是因為原料中?；祀s有生產(chǎn)作業(yè)中的各種雜物，這樣做可以減少原料中的懸浮固體含量，便于用泵輸送及防止發(fā)酵過程中出現(xiàn)故障，而且預(yù)處理還可以根據(jù)需要做好原料進入消化器前進行的升溫或降溫工作。

　　Pre treatment of raw materials is necessary because various impurities from production operations are often mixed in the raw materials. This can reduce the suspended solids content in the raw materials, facilitate pump transportation, and prevent malfunctions during the fermentation process. Moreover, pre-treatment can also perform heating or cooling work as needed before the raw materials enter the digester.

　　(3)厭氧消化系統(tǒng)

　　(3) Anaerobic digestion system

　　厭氧消化是一個復(fù)雜的過程，可概括為三個階段。

　　Anaerobic digestion is a complex process that can be summarized into three stages.

　　第一階段：在水解與細(xì)菌發(fā)酵的作用下，糞污中的碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)與脂肪轉(zhuǎn)化為單糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、甘油、二氧化碳和氫等。

　　Phase 1: Under the action of hydrolysis and bacterial fermentation, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in feces are converted into monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

　　第二階段：第一階段的產(chǎn)物在菌的作用下轉(zhuǎn)化成氫、二氧化碳和乙酸。

　　Second stage: The products of the first stage are converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid under the action of bacteria.

　　第三階段，通過兩組生理物性上不同的產(chǎn)甲烷菌的作用，將氫和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為甲烷或?qū)σ宜崦擊犬a(chǎn)生甲烷發(fā)酵階段，脂肪酸在專性厭氧菌-產(chǎn)甲烷菌的作用下轉(zhuǎn)化為CH4和CO2。

　　In the third stage, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are converted into methane or undergo decarboxylation of acetic acid to produce methane through the action of two groups of methane producing bacteria with different physiological properties. In the fermentation stage, fatty acids are converted into CH4 and CO2 under the action of specialized anaerobic bacteria methanogens.

　　(4)出料的后處理

　　(4) Post processing of discharged materials

　　處理出料的方式多種多樣，最簡便的方法就是直接施入農(nóng)田土壤或排入魚塘當(dāng)作肥料使用，考慮到施肥的季節(jié)性和單位面積的施肥限制等因素，這類工程需要養(yǎng)殖場周邊有足夠的農(nóng)田、魚塘、植物塘等，以便能夠完全消納經(jīng)厭氧發(fā)酵后的沼渣、沼液，使沼氣利用工程成為生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)園區(qū)的紐帶。

　　There are various ways to handle the discharge, and the simplest method is to directly apply it to farmland soil or discharge it into fish ponds as fertilizer. Considering the seasonality of fertilization and the limitation of fertilization per unit area, such projects require sufficient farmland, fish ponds, plant ponds, etc. around the breeding farm to fully absorb the anaerobic fermented sludge and slurry, making the biogas utilization project a link in the ecological agricultural park.

　　(5)沼氣發(fā)電系統(tǒng)

　　(5) Biogas power generation system

　　養(yǎng)殖場糞污厭氧消化過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的沼氣(主要成分是CH4和CO2)，將沼氣進行收集、凈化后送入沼氣發(fā)電機組，在收集、凈化、輸送系統(tǒng)上布置有溫度、氣體濃度、流量等測量元件，并布置有安全閥、阻火器等安全設(shè)施。進入發(fā)電機組的沼氣經(jīng)防爆電磁閥和調(diào)壓閥進入機組氣缸、由火花塞點火，混合氣體燃燒做功，帶動發(fā)電機發(fā)電。經(jīng)變壓器升壓后并入城市電網(wǎng)，做功后的廢氣經(jīng)機組排氣口排出。

　　During the anaerobic digestion process of manure in aquaculture farms, a large amount of biogas (mainly composed of CH4 and CO2) is generated. The biogas is collected and purified before being sent to a biogas generator set. Temperature, gas concentration, flow rate and other measuring elements are arranged on the collection, purification and transportation systems, and safety facilities such as safety valves and flame arresters are also installed. The biogas entering the generator set enters the unit cylinder through the explosion-proof solenoid valve and pressure regulating valve, and is ignited by the spark plug. The mixed gas burns and does work, driving the generator to generate electricity. After being stepped up by a transformer and connected to the urban power grid, the exhaust gas after doing work is discharged through the exhaust port of the unit.

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